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Monadology

Leibniz·French

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Ninety short paragraphs describing reality as composed of simple, mind-like substances called monads, each reflecting the entire universe from its own perspective.

The monad, of which we shall here speak, is nothing but a simple substance, which enters into compounds. By 'simple' is meant 'without parts.'

Now where there are no parts, there can be neither extension nor form nor divisibility. These monads are the real atoms of nature and, in a word, the elements of things.

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