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Volume I · Ancient Greece · 624–262 BCE

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Empedocles

Pre-Socratic

Born c. 494 BCE, Syracuse

Died c. 434 BCE

Four roots: earth, water, air, fire. Two forces: love draws together, strife tears apart. He jumped into a volcano to prove he was a god.

Empedocles was a poet, healer, and self-proclaimed miracle worker from Acragas in Sicily. He proposed that all matter is composed of four eternal elements mixed and separated by two cosmic forces. Love unites, Strife divides, and the universe cycles between their dominance. He wrote in verse, performed public healings, and according to legend threw himself into Mount Etna. His sandal was found at the rim.

Places

Ideas

NatureChange

Words

“There is only mixing and exchange of what is mixed. 'Nature' is only a name given to these things by men.”

— Empedocles

Works

On Nature & Purifications

fragmentary
·Greek

Two poems, surviving only in fragments. On Nature describes the four roots and the cosmic cycle of Love and Strife. Purifications deals with the transmigration of souls and ritual purity.

Life & Moments

c. 494 BCE

Born in Acragas, Sicily

Born into a wealthy family in Acragas (modern Agrigento), a Greek colony on Sicily's southern coast.

c. 460 BCE

The Four Roots

Proposed that all matter is composed of four eternal elements (earth, water, air, fire) mixed by Love and separated by Strife.

c. 434 BCE

Death at Mount Etna

Legend says he leapt into the crater of Mount Etna, either to prove he was a god or simply because he chose to leave. A bronze sandal was found at the rim.

Read the Journey →

Thinkers

A story-first philosophy atlas. Explore history's greatest thinkers through place, time, movement, and ideas.

Explore

  • Thinkers
  • Atlas
  • Works

Browse

  • Concepts
  • Volumes

About

  • About Thinkers
  • Image Credits

Volume I · Ancient Greece · 624–262 BCE