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Ethical Fragments

Democritus·Greek·fragmentary

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Democritus was as much a moralist as a physicist. His ethical fragments praise cheerfulness, moderation, and the inner life of the soul over wealth and reputation.

Cheerfulness is created for men through moderation of enjoyment and harmoniousness of life. Things that are in excess or in deficiency are apt to change and to cause great movements in the soul. Souls that are moved by great shifts from one extreme to another are neither stable nor cheerful.

The good things of life are produced by learning with hard work; the bad are reaped of their own accord, without hard work.

Refrain from doing wrong not through fear but through duty.

To a wise man, the whole earth is open; for the native land of a good soul is the whole earth.

It is greed to do all the talking and not be willing to listen.

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