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The Life & Doctrines

Pythagoras·Greek·attributed

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Pythagoras founded a religious community as much as a school. Later sources (Iamblichus, Porphyry, Diogenes Laertius) preserved his teachings on number, music, the transmigration of souls, and the rules of the Pythagorean way of life.

He said that the most important thing in human life is to persuade the soul to good or to evil. Blessed are they who acquire a good soul; it can never be at rest, nor keep the same course throughout.

Among rational beings he placed the gods first, then the heroes, then a third kind like the daemons. Fourth are human beings. Of human beings, the best approach the condition of heroes.

He taught his followers to say when entering their own houses: Where did I trespass? What did I achieve? What duty did I leave undone? Starting from the first and going right through, review your acts, and then for the wrong you have done be sorry, and for the good be glad.

Number rules the universe. The harmony of the cosmos is mathematical. The intervals between the notes of the musical scale can be expressed in numerical ratios, and so can the distances between the planets. The same order governs the lyre and the sky.

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