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Republic

Zeno of Citium·Greek·lost

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Zeno's Republic, written before he fully developed Stoicism, imagined a city governed by the wise, where all citizens live by reason alone. Only fragments survive, but they shaped centuries of political thought.

Zeno wrote his Republic under the influence of Crates the Cynic. In it, Diogenes Laertius tells us, he declared that only the wise are truly citizens, truly friends, truly free.

He held that there should be no law courts and no currency, for the wise need neither. They govern themselves. In such a city, men and women would live as equals.

The Republic scandalized later Stoics, who tried to suppress it. But its central idea survived: that all human beings share in reason, and that this shared reason, the logos that runs through all things, is the only true law.

The universe is a single city. Every rational being is a citizen. This is what it means to live in agreement with nature.

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