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The Social Contract

Du Contrat Social

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Published in 1762 and immediately banned in Paris and Geneva. The opening line became the watchword of the French Revolution. The book argues for a form of democratic self-governance based on the general will.

Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains. One man thinks himself the master of others, but remains more of a slave than they are. How did this change come about? I do not know. What can make it legitimate? That question I think I can answer.

If I took into account only force, and the effects derived from it, I should say: 'As long as a people is compelled to obey, and obeys, it does well; as soon as it can shake off the yoke, and shakes it off, it does still better.'

The social order is a sacred right which is the basis of all other rights. Nevertheless, this right does not come from nature, and must therefore be founded on conventions. Before coming to that, I have to prove what I have just asserted.

The problem is to find a form of association which will defend and protect with the whole common force the person and goods of each associate, and in which each, while uniting himself with all, may still obey himself alone, and remain as free as before.

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