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Volume I · Ancient Greece · 624–262 BCE

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The Buddha

IndianBuddhist

Born c. 563 BCE, Lumbini

Died c. 483 BCE

A prince who left his palace, sat under a tree, and woke up. Then he spent forty-five years teaching others how to do the same.

Siddhartha Gautama was born into a royal family in Lumbini, at the foot of the Himalayas. His father tried to shield him from suffering, but at twenty-nine he saw an old man, a sick man, a corpse, and a wandering ascetic. He left everything. After six years of extreme austerity that nearly killed him, he sat beneath a fig tree at Bodh Gaya and resolved not to rise until he understood the nature of suffering. At dawn he saw it clearly. He spent the rest of his life walking the Gangetic plain, teaching the Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path to anyone who would listen.

Places

Ideas

The Four Noble TruthsEmptiness (Shunyata)Meditation & Yoga

Words

“All that we are is the result of what we have thought.”

— The Buddha

“Three things cannot be long hidden: the sun, the moon, and the truth.”

— The Buddha

Works

The Dhammapada

·Pali

A collection of 423 verses attributed to the Buddha. The most widely read text in the Theravada canon.

Life & Moments

c. 563 BCE

Born as Siddhartha Gautama

Born into the Shakya clan in Lumbini, in the foothills of the Himalayas. His father was a chieftain or king of a small republic. Legend says that at his birth, a sage predicted he would become either a great ruler or a great teacher.

c. 528 BCE

Enlightenment under the Bodhi Tree

After years of asceticism that nearly killed him, Siddhartha sat beneath a fig tree at Bodh Gaya and resolved not to rise until he understood the nature of suffering. By dawn, he had attained what he called awakening. He was thirty-five.

c. 528 BCE

First Sermon at Sarnath

At the Deer Park in Sarnath, the Buddha delivered his first teaching to five former companions who had abandoned him. He laid out the Four Noble Truths and the Middle Way between indulgence and self-mortification. This moment is called the turning of the wheel of dharma.

Influence

Influenced

  • →
    Nagarjunafoundational teacher

    Nagarjuna took the Buddha's teaching on dependent origination and built it into a systematic philosophy of emptiness.

  • →
    Pyrrhopossible influence via Alexander's campaigns

    Pyrrho traveled to India with Alexander and may have encountered Buddhist or Jain ascetics. His radical suspension of judgment echoes their teachings.

Related Thinkers

Nagarjuna

c. 150 CE – c. 250 CE

Pyrrho

c. 365 BCE – c. 275 BCE

Read the Journey →Compare with Nagarjuna

Thinkers

A story-first philosophy atlas. Explore history's greatest thinkers through place, time, movement, and ideas.

Explore

  • Thinkers
  • Atlas
  • Works

Browse

  • Concepts
  • Volumes

About

  • About Thinkers
  • Image Credits

Volume I · Ancient Greece · 624–262 BCE